This religious building grew out of a residential building built in the center of Penza more than 130 years ago. At the end of the 19th century, a resident of the city of Khabib Jamal Tenisheva bought a small two-story mansion from the merchant Tikhomirov in order to fulfill her oath: she promised to build a mosque if the difficult situation in her family was resolved safely. The Penza Cathedral Mosque opened in 1895 and operated for almost 35 years. After closing, the building was handed over to the national Tatar school, and then it again became an ordinary house. It was only in the early 1990s that services resumed there.

The appearance of the cathedral mosque still shows the features of a former merchant's mansion, although it was rebuilt in the neo-Mauritanian style more than a century ago. On the one hand, a bay window appeared, ending with a turret with a round dome and a crescent, on the other, a high minaret with a pointed conical dome. The turquoise facade is decorated with white stucco details.