The architecture of this iconic building in Cairo is typical of Mamluk times. Forming an extensive complex of 7900 m2, it consists of a mosque and a madrasa, all articulated around an inner courtyard or sahn. On either side of this central paved courtyard open four large deep arches or iwans. Accesses make it possible to reach the four madrasas that make up the complex as well as the cells of the students.

The dimensions of the complex make it one of the most important sanctuaries of the Egyptian capital: its length is thus nearly 155 m, while the tallest of its two minarets culminates at 81.6 m2.

The decoration of the complex includes many inlays of white or polychrome marble, carved wood panels as well as stucco, and reveals Seljuq influences. Outside, the high walls are crowned by cornices from which drop muqarnas, or stalactites.

The architect, Muhammad ibn Bailick al-Muhseini, the chief architectural designer of his day, supervised construction of the building. He placed his name after that of the sultan on the inscription band inside the Hanafi Madrasa

The building of Madrasa and Mosque of Sultan Hasan combines strength and splendour, elegance and beauty, as well as a multiplicity of decoration. One of the building’s most prominent features is the principal, northern, façade that extends to about 145 m in length and reaches a height of 38 m. The façade consists of a variety of stone and marble decoration and ends at the top with a splendid and exquisite corniche, consisting of nine tiers of minute muqarnas which resemble a honeycomb. This façade includes a towering portal, considered among the most imposing entrances to an Islamic building in Egypt. The portal is characterised by an arched ceiling which is a semi-dome decorated with a superb series of muqarnas tiers.

Influenced by Seljuq architecture (AH 429–590 / AD 1038- 1194), it belongs to an era when entrances were distinguished by lavish decoration. Two minarets, the older being the southern minaret at 81.60 m high, top the eastern façade of the building. Both minarets consist of a square base followed by two octagonal stories in the manner of Mamluk minarets. The minarets were renovated in the 20th century. The floor plan of the building is polygonal with a surface area of 7,906 m2, the longest side is 150 m in length, and the shortest 68 m.

The building is made from stone and consists of a central open courtyard in the middle of which is an ablutions fountain. The courtyard is surrounded by four iwans which constitute the mosque properly. In each corner of the building, is a madrasa which is specialised in teaching one of  the four schools of Muslim religious jurisprudence (fiqh). The madrasas were accessed through doors located in the corners of the four iwans. Each madrasa consisted of a central courtyard, in the middle of which a fountain and an iwan stood, as well as three floors which included student residential quarters. The building was influenced by the phenomenon of building madrasas, where the goal was to teach religion according to the Sunni schools of law, delving deep into the knowledge and teaching of Islam. Such madrasas prevailed particularly during the Seljuq and Atabeg periods, of which the Madrasa of Nur al-Din Mahmud in Damascus is another example. It should be noted that the qibla iwan is the largest iwan of the mosque, and that it is spanned by an enormous pointed vault. The iwan overlooks the courtyard by means of an arch, the largest arch set over an iwan in Egypt. This iwan includes a number of splendours of Islamic art, for its walls are panelled with coloured stone and marble, the upper parts of which boasts a band of stucco decoration, that consists of an inscription based on Qur’anic verses in kufic script on a floriated background, the style of which is rarely seen. The iwan also includes a decorated mihrab ornamented with polychrome marble and gilded inscriptions, considered to be one of the most beautiful mihrabs in Egypt.

The building includes a mausoleum that is rich in decoration and within which the son of the builder, Shihab Ahmad (d. AH 788 / AD 1386) is buried. The mausoleum is square in form, its sides measuring 21 m in length, and it is covered by a dome 48 m high. The marble mihrab in this mausoleum is embellished with detailed geometric decoration in marble mosaic.

When Sultan Hasan died in AH 762 / AD 1361, the building was almost complete except for some supplementary works that were completed by Bashir al-Jamdar. These works comprised the execution of the marble wall revetment and the marble floors, the dome of the fountain in the courtyard (completed in AH 766 / AD 1364) and the two great door leafs belonging to the copper doors that can now be found in the Mosque of al-Mu’ayyad Sheikh. The building of the mausoleum was completed in AH 764 / AD 1362.