Today, the complex of the Mosque consists of the main mosque, madrasa and living quarters for the clergy. At the time of construction of the mosque (733-734) it was the largest building in the city. The dimensions of the mosque are: 68 meters – from west to east, and 28 meters – from south to north. The height of the dome is 17 meters.

The interior of the mosque consists of three naves, separated by square pillars with profiled capitals. The middle nave is 6.3 meters wide, and the side naves are 4 meters wide. Lancet arches are thrown between the pillars.

The courtyard of the mosque has dimensions of 55 by 45 meters. Ancient Platanus trees that date to the 9th century were plant in it. According to legend, they were planted by the famous Persian mystic and Sufi saint, Junayd of Baghdad. Today, they protect the mosque from harmful natural forces. The four trees, which might be more than 2,000 years old, absorb moisture from the ground. Their strong root system firmly holds the soil, protecting the mosque from the consequences of earthquakes. In 2012, the plane trees of the Mosque were recognized as natural monuments of all-Russian significance and taken under the protection of the Council for the Preservation of the Natural Heritage of the Nation in the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.