Thomas Hayton Mawson (5 May 1861 – 14 November 1933), known as T. H. Mawson, was a British garden designer, landscape architect, and town planner.

Personal life:

Mawson was born in Nether Wyresdale, Lancashire, and left school at age 12. His father, who died in 1877, was a warper in a cotton mill and later started a building business. He married Anna Prentice in 1884 and the Mawsons made their family home in Windermere, Westmorland, in 1885. They had four sons and five daughters. His eldest son, Edward Prentice Mawson, was a successful landscape architect and took over the running of his father’s firm when his father developed Parkinson’s disease in 1923. Another son, John Mawson, moved to New Zealand in 1928 as Director of Town Planning for that country.

Mawson died at Applegarth, Hest Bank, near Lancaster, Lancashire, aged 72, and is buried in Bowness Cemetery within a few miles of some of his best gardens and overlooking Windermere.

Working life:

To make a living, he worked first in the building trade in Lancaster, then at a London nursery where he gained experience in landscape gardening. In the 1880s he moved back north, where he and two brothers started the Lakeland Nursery in Windermere. The firm became sufficiently successful for him to be able to turn his attention to garden design.

Mawson’s first commission was a local property, Graythwaite Hall, and his work there showed his hallmark blend of architecture and planting. He went on to design other gardens in Cumbria such as Langdale Chase, Holehird, Brockhole, and Holker Hall around the turn of the century.

The Pavilion, Belle Vue Park, Newport

The Tea House, Belle Vue Park, Newport

In 1891 Mawson was commissioned to design and construct Belle Vue Park in Newport, Monmouthshire, Mawson’s first win in an open competition. His design was, in fact, designed for the neighbouring field, the site of the then Newport and Monmouthshire Hospital after Mawson misunderstood directions on his first visit. The mistake was not realised until the first site visit, after the contract had been awarded. Between 1894 and 1909 Mawson was commissioned to design and construct Dyffryn Gardens near Cardiff.

Between 1902 and 1903 Thomas Mawson designed the summerhouse, balustraded terraces and pond within a formal garden for Albert Ochs at his new house at,Walmer, Kent. Walmer Place was built in 1901 on the site of the earlier building known as Walmer Lodge. The summerhouse itself is of architectural merit with high quality stonework to its classical detailing and it survives largely intact.The designs for the gardens at Walmer Place were exhibited in 1903 at the Royal Academy.

The Rushton Hall estate in Northamptonshire has early 20th century formal terraced gardens designed by Mawson between 1905–1909 and implemented by his brother Robert.[citation needed] In 1908 Mawson was enlisted to design the main public park in the new town of Barrow-in-Furness.

Later Mawson designed gardens in various parts of Britain, and others in Europe and Canada. In London he designed gardens at The Hill, in Hampstead for Lord Leverhulme. The impressive 800 ft long pergola is now open to the public as part of the West Heath. He designed Rivington Gardens and Lever Park in Lancashire also for Lord Leverhulme. Padiham Memorial Park (1921) was another commission in Lancashire. Mawson also designed the gardens at Wood Hall near Cockermouth, Cumbria, which were completed in 1920. Much of this garden still survives today.

From 1910 to 1924 he lectured frequently at the school of civic design, Liverpool University.He also contributed articles on garden design to The Studio magazine and its annual The Studio Year Book of Decorative Art. In the 1920s he designed gardens for Dunira, a country house in Perthshire.

In 1923 he became president of the Town Planning Institute, and in 1929 the first president of the Institute of Landscape Architects.[citation needed]

International work:

Old map

Proposal by Thomas Mawson for modern Thessaloniki (c. 1918), which shows a metropolitan railway line, in purple, running about the same route as the modern Line 1.

In 1908 he won a competition to lay out the Peace Palace gardens at The Hague. He also advised on the development of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the United States. In 1912 Mawson toured several Canadian cities, beginning in Halifax and ending up in Victoria, British Columbia. As well as giving talks, he proposed several (unaccepted) designs including for Wascana Centre in Regina, Brockton Point lighthouse, Coal Harbour and Lost Lagoon in Vancouver, and urban design plans for Banff and downtown Calgary. Mawson’s vision for Calgary, had it been implemented, would have changed what was then a dusty prairie town, into a city of the City Beautiful movement.

Legacy:

With the passage of time many of Mawson’s finished schemes have either disappeared or decayed out of all recognition. A number of Mawson’s parks and gardens have been restore

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Thomas Mawson started the Lakeland Nursery in Windermere in the 1880’s, and later went on to became a landscape architect of high repute.

Thomas Mawson was born at Scorton in Lancashire on 5th May 1861, and because of his family’s poverty, he was forced to leave school at the age of 12 to make a living. He worked in the building trade with an uncle in Lancaster, who happend to have a strong interest in gardening.When his father died, he was taken by his mother to London, where he was employed by a firm of nurserymen.

Eventually he moved back to the North of England, and set up a nursery business in Windermere with his two brothers. Lakeland Nurseries was so successful, that after initially concentrating on the plant trade, Thomas Mawson was able to dedicate himself to garden design work.

s first commission was a local property – Graythwaite Hall, where his designs contained a blend of architecture and planting that was to become a feature of his work. He then went on to design the gardens at Langdale Chase, Holehird, Brockhole and Holker Hall around the turn of the Century. In spite of his spreading fame, he still undertook local work, and in 1909 he designed the formal garden at Rydal Hall.

Later he went on to design gardens not only throughout Britain, but also in Europe and Canada. In 1908 he won a competition to lay out the gardens for the ‘Palace of Peace’ at the Hague. He advised on the development of the Smoky Mountains National Park in America.

Thomas Mawson became interested in town planning and public parks. In 1923 he was awarded the position of president of the Town and Planning Institute, and in 1929 he became the first president of the newly formed Institute of Landscape Architects.

The 45 acre public park in Barrow-in-Furness is based on a design by Thomas Mawson. The park was recently restored to his original plans with Heritage Lottery money, even re-making and matching the buildings to old photographs. The park has since won the Landscape Institute Heritage and Conservation award 2007, a prestigious national award.

He published two considerable volumes in 1901, ‘The Art and craft of Garden Making’,which is widely accepted as the foundation of modern landscape architecture. He was all his life a devout Christian, and emphasised in his writing the importance of gardens to the general well-being of mankind.

Mawson died at Applegarth, Hest Bank, Lancaster, on November 14th 1933, and is buried in Bowness Cemetery within a few miles of some of his best gardens.